Embryo survival and fry emergence from two methods of planting brown trout eggs

ABSTRACT Survival of larval trout through the swim-up stage was determined for eyed eggs of brown trout (Salmo trutta) planted both in the streambed and in Whitlock Vibert boxes. Tests were made in first-, second-, and third-order streams and intragravel environmental factors were evaluated. Direct plants produced 2 times more sac fry than box plants and 3.5 times more swim-up fry. Sediment deposition was approximately 100% greater in first-and second-order streams than in third-order streams, and sediments accumulated disproportionately in box plants. This seemed to account for survival differences between planting techniques and among stream orders. Egg planting is recommended to sportsmen's groups as the most effective way to introduce, re-stock, or supplement populations of stream salmonids. This is surprising, and perhaps unwise, considering the decided lack of field studies on the relative success of fry and fingerling introductions and various egg-planting techniques. Results from a recent study METHODS In the fan of 1977, tributaries to the South Mills River in Transylvania County, North Carolina, were surveyed for potential egg-planting sites on the basis of suitable spawning-size gravels, apparent subsurface flow, and protection from freezing. Clawhammer Creek, a third-order stream with first-and second-order tributaries, was selected for egg planting, as was Poplar Creek, a nearby second-order stream, which contained known brown trout spawning sites. All planting locations had similar gravel size and topographic features. At each of the four locations, 10 sites were prepared by digging depressions 1 m in diameter and 25 cm deep in the streambed with a potato rake. During the first week in December, five plants of two WV boxes each containing 500 eyed eggs and five direct plants of 2,000 eyed eggs each were randomly assigned to the prepared sites, for a total of 40 WV boxes and 20 direct plants. All sites were marked for later sampling. Measures of intragravel dissolved oxygen, permeability, and apparent velocity were obtained by using Mark VI standpipes (Terhune 1958) placed 10 cm behind a WV box plant and a direct plant at each location. Ryan Model J Thermographs 1 were used to monitor 1 Mention of trade names does not constitute an endorsement by the USDA or the U.S. Forest Service. 8

A standard cytogenetic map of Culex quinquefasciatus polytene chromosomes in application for fine-scale physical mapping

BACKGROUND

English-medium Instruction Across Majors at ICU (2008-2011):Opportunities and Constraints

This paper looks at the extent and distribution of English-medium instruction atInternational Christian University (ICU) from 2008 to 2011. This time periodrepresents the first four years following a major academic reform in the College ofLiberal Arts (CLA) at ICU, and a time when the administration aimed to increase thepercentage of courses taught in English to 45%. The two main questions addressed inthe paper were, in 2008-2011, (a) how close did ICU get to this 45% target, and (b)what constraints limited the availability of English-medium instruction? This type ofinformation, which both students and their advisers need to know, has not beenprovided by the ICU administration in the past, nor for the period considered in thispaper. Our results show an increase in “E-course” offerings (an ICU designation forcourses in which English is used primarily) from 15.2% in 1997-2000, to 21% in 2008-2011. Inconsistent availability of English-medium instruction was found across majors,and involved the major prerequisite courses, 100-level courses, and General Education(GE) courses. Scheduling patterns which further constrained the availability ofEnglish-medium courses for some students were found. Finally, we found that thepercentage of senior theses written in English by March graduates had dropped to 28%.Based on our findings, we suggest some questions for future discussion at ICU

Prospectus, February 12, 1971

S.A.S.L.A. IS STARTED FOR STUDENT BENEFIT: ILLIACS TO TAKE ACTION; Veterans Association Co-Sponsors Boy Scouts; Problems Of Our Times: This Business Of Space; Letters To Editor; An Editorial; Bull Page: Coffee House, New Club, Family Night, SASLA, W. I. U. Transfer, SWAMP, Fail Safe, Vets Meeting, Hotline, Gemini House, Wit N\u27 Wisdom, No Paper; Champion Gymnast Teaches At Parkland; Parkland Wins Triangular; Parkland Defeats Lincoln Land; District Playoffs Announced; Mad Dogs Win Green Division; Swim Meet Belley Flops; Intramural Playoffs; Indoor Track Schedule; Intramural Standings; Track Team Shows Strengthhttps://spark.parkland.edu/prospectus_1971/1012/thumbnail.jp

Prospectus, April 16, 1971

BRUCE MURRAY: WHEN THE WAR COMES HOME; Letters to Editor; PC Spring Play Is Summer Tree\u27; PC Students To Make Movie; Prices Ain\u27t Heavy Just the Uncle; To Hold Drug Rap Session; Parkland Clubs To Hold Allied House Week ; Hungover?; Casino Night; Parkland Watch Repair Is Unique; The Policeman\u27s Point Of View: What is it like to be called a pig?; Nader Attorney Blasts Tax Plan; T.A.\u27s Create Learning Devices; Bull Page: Health Week, Anti War Activities, Wit N\u27 Wisdom, Sisters, Vets Meeting, Summer Tree, IOC. Recycling, Parking Stickers, Road Rally, Toy Drive; U. of I. Nips Cobras 5-4; Track and Field Starts Outdoor Season; Parkland College 1971 Varsity Baseball Schedule; Tau Epsilion Sponsers Basketball Game; PC Opens Golf Season Today; Cobras Split With Harperhttps://spark.parkland.edu/prospectus_1971/1008/thumbnail.jp

Prospectus, January 29, 1971

FORMER ACTOR TO DIRECT PLAY; Valley To Organize College Debate Team; Parkland Diagnosed By NCA Team; Problems Of Our Times: For the Welfare of Whom?; Students As Zombies; Letters to Editor; Environmental Teach-In Feb. 9, 10, 11: Oakley Project Has Long History; Nursing Program Gets Highest Accredidation Possible; Thoughts On Singing; Bull Page: 1971-1972 Grants, Hotline, Library Permits, Wit N\u27 Wisdom, Vets Meeting, SWAMP, Jr. College Day, Upcoming Events, Road Rally Results, Family Night, Yearbook Pictures, Gemini House, Activities Mailboxes; Parkland Bows to Meramec; Sports Briefs; Wrestlers Maul Meramec; Parkland Squeaks by Florissant Valley; Florissant Knocks Off Cobras; Intramural Standings; Penthouse Gang, Lucy\u27s Men Grab Division Lead; Wolfe Rates Parkland Sports; Cobras Fall at Wabashhttps://spark.parkland.edu/prospectus_1971/1014/thumbnail.jp